The Indian independence movement
Was a mass-based movement
that encompassed various sections of society. It also underwent a process of
constant ideological evolution. Although
the basic ideology of the movement was anti-colonial, it was supported by a
vision of independent capitalist economic development coupled with a secular,
democratic, republican, and pcivil-libertaria nolitical structure. After
the 1930s, the movement took on a strong socialist orientation, due to the
increasing influence of left-wing elements in the INC as well as the rise and
growth of the Communist Party of India. The All-India Muslim League was formed
in 1906 to protect the rights of Muslims in the Indian Sub-continent against
the INC and to present a Muslim voice to the British government.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was an important leader in
India during its independence movement, influencing people both spiritually and
politically. He was born in 1869 in Porbandar in the Indian state of Gujarat
and died in 1948. When he was 13, he was married to Kasturbai.
Militant movements
The first
organised militant movements were in Bengal, but they later took to the
political stage in the form of a mainstream movement in the then newly formed
Indian National Congress (INC), with prominent moderate leaders seeking only
their basic right to appear for Indian Civil Service examinations, as well as
more rights, economic in nature, for the people of the soil. The early part of
the 20th century saw a more radical approach towards political independence
proposed by leaders.
Freedom
movement
The last
stages of the freedom struggle from the 1920s onwards saw Congress adopt
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's policy of nonviolence and civil resistance,
Muhammad Ali Jinnah's constitutional struggle for the rights of minorities in
India, and several other campaigns. Legendary figures such as Netaji Subhas
Chandra Bose and Bhagat Singh came to adopt political method of revolution to
the freedom movement, while others like Swami Sahajanand Saraswati wanted both
political and economic freedom for India's peasants and toiling masses.
Subhas Chandra Bose
Bhagat Singh
Artistic Movement
India has a rich cultural history in visual arts as
well as in music. This amazing timeline was created by the Rubin Museum
(The Rubin Museum of Art is dedicated to the collection, display, and
preservation of the art of the Himalayas and surrounding regions, especially
Tibetan art.).
This timeline presents significant events in modern
Indian art and in modern Indian history from the middle 19th century through
the late 1990s. Visitors can explore highlighted dates and see how historical,
political, social and economic events intersect and diverge from developments
in modernist art in India.
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